Cellular networks are a type of communication network that allows mobile devices to connect to each other and to the internet through a series of interconnected cells. Each cell is served by a base station, which communicates with mobile devices using radio waves. Cellular networks use a system of switching centers to route calls and data between cells, enabling seamless communication as a mobile device moves from one cell to another. Research in this area focuses on improving network efficiency, coverage, and capacity, as well as developing new technologies to support emerging applications such as mobile video streaming and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.